Studies have shown that 60% of all turtle species are threatened, making them one of the most endangered vertebrate groups. This also explains the high number of turtle species kept at the ACCB. There are conservation breeding programs for the Elongated turtle (Indotestudo elongata, CR) and the Southeast Asian box turtle (Cuora amboinensis, EN), whose offspring are already being reintroduced, as well as breeding programs for the Giant Asian pond turtle (Heosemys grandis, CR), the Yellow-headed temple turtle (Heosemys annandalii, CR), and the Southern river terrapine (Batagur affinis, CR). 

Also kept are the Western black-bridged leaf turtle (Cyclemys atripons, EN), Southeast Asian leaf turtle (Cyclemys oldhamii, EN), Mekong Snail-eating turtle (Malayemys subtrijuga, NT), Black marsh Turtle (Siebenrockiella crassicollis, EN), and, rarely, various soft-shelled turtles. Of particular note is the breeding of the Southern river terrapine, whose Cambodian subspecies was previously considered extinct. The ACCB maintains one of the two ex situ populations and was able to breed a young turtle for the first time in 2022. Just a few weeks earlier, the world's first breeding occurred in the other ex situ population.